Eclogite is a metamorphic rock formed when mafic igneous rock is subjected to high pressure. In the crust, eclogites generally occur as xenoliths (i.e., foreign inclusions) in igneous rocks and as isolated blocks measuring as much as 100 m (328 feet) across in metamorphic rocks. [7] Transitional granulite-eclogite facies granitoid, felsic volcanics, mafic rocks and granulites occur in the Musgrave Block of the Petermann Orogeny, central Australia. Such ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism has been defined as metamorphism within the eclogite facies but at pressures more than the quartz-coesite transition (the two minerals have the same composition—silica). Examples are known in Saxony, Bavaria, Carinthia, Norway and Newfoundland. Peridotite is the dominant rock type of the upper mantle, not eclogite, as established by seismic and petrologic evidence. They are formed when volcanic or metamorphic rocks rich in such mafic minerals are subjected to extremely high pressures and moderate to relatively high temperatures. Interestingly, eclogites somewhat resemble chondritic meteorites in composition (see chondrite). [3], Basalt is generally created as a partial melt of peridotite at 20–120 km depth. When basalt converts to eclogite, or when it melts, there are changes in density that far exceed those associated with thermal expansion. Many diamonds from eclogite xenoliths have a 13C:12C isotope ratio different from that typical of diamonds from peridotite xenoliths. An unusually dense rock, eclogite can play an important role in driving convection within the solid Earth. Hydrated zones are from 1–50 cm thick, with adjacent wall-rock eclogite replaced by symplectites. Lawsonite eclogite is known from the U.S. (Franciscan Complex of California; xenoliths in Arizona); Guatemala (Motagua fault zone), Corsica, Australia, the Dominican Republic, Canada (British Columbia), and Turkey. The vast majority of subducted oceanic crust becomes more dense than the surrounding mantle rocks and travels to the strange world of the deep earth. (2005): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2004-2005. The typical eclogite mineral assemblage is garnet (pyrope to almandine) plus clinopyroxene (omphacite). Eclogites in granulite terranes are known from the Musgrave Block of central Australia where a continental collision took place at 550-530 Ma, resulting in burial of rocks to greater than 45 km (15 kilobars) and rapid (in less than 10 million years[citation needed]) exhumation via thrust faults prevented significant melting. A. Camacho, B.J. Add your answer and earn points. Eclogite is an unusually dense metamorphic rock, typically of basaltic composition, that represents a recorder and/or driving force for planetary-scale processes and evolution. Eclogite, any member of a small group of igneous and metamorphic rocks whose composition is similar to that of basalt. Eclogite-derived melts may be common in the mantle, and contribute to volcanic regions where unusually large volumes of magma are erupted. What does eclogite mean? An unusually dense rock, eclogite can play an important role in driving convection within the solid Earth. Eclogite diamonds are also typically higher in nitrogen, and will have a different suite of mineral inclusions than harzburgitic diamonds. This is high-pressure, medium- to high-temperature metamorphism. Eclogite is a rare and important rock because it is formed only by conditions typically found in the mantle or the lowermost part of thickened continental crust.. Eclogites are helpful in elucidating patterns and processes of plate tectonics because many represent oceanic crust that has been subducted to depths in excess of 35 km and then returned to the surface. … Eclogite forms at pressures greater than those typical of the crust of the Earth. Eclogite is a rare and important rock because it is formed only by conditions typically found in the mantle or the lowermost part of thickened crust. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/eclogite, University of California Santas Barbara - Earth Science - Eclogite Formation and the Rheology, Buoyancy, Seismicity, and H20 Content of Oceanic Crust. Likewise, partial melting of eclogite has been modeled to produce tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite melts. Eclogites are helpful in elucidating patterns and processes of plate tectonics because many represent oceanic crust that has been subducted to depths in excess of 35 km and then returned to the surface. The inclusions had undergone eclogite facies high-pressure metamorphism and amphibolite facies retrogressive metamorphism. [8] The oldest coesite-bearing eclogites are about 650 and 620 million years old and they are located in Brazil and Mali, respectively. The carbon isotopic differences between harzburgitic and eclogitic diamonds supports the hypothesis that those eclogite xenoliths formed from basalt carried down within subduction zones. Eclogites containing lawsonite (a hydrous calcium-aluminium silicate) are rarely exposed at Earth's surface, although they are predicted from experiments and thermal models to form during normal subduction of oceanic crust at depths between about 45–300 km (28–186 mi). Therefore, eclogite plays an important role in dynamics of the Earth and distinguishing eclogite from mafic granulite and ultramafic rocks in the present deep crust and mantle is crucial. Diamond and coesite occur as trace constituents in some eclogites and record particularly high pressures. Glaucophane-eclogites occur in Italy and the Pennine Alps. Plagioclase is not stable in eclogite. Coesite- and glaucophane-bearing eclogites have been found in the northwestern Himalaya. The density contrast between eclogite and peridotitic plume matrix is very important for understanding the transportation mechanism of the … An unusually dense rock, eclogite can play an important role in driving convection within the solid Earth. New findings of foliated eclogite in the Seba and Kotsu areas show that eclogite facies … Eclogite is a rare and important rock because it is formed only by conditions typically found in the mantle or … Eclogite facies is determined by the temperatures and pressures required to metamorphose basaltic rocks to an eclogite assemblage. Felsic rocks in these terranes contain sillimanite, kyanite, coesite, orthoclase and pyroxene, and are rare, peculiar rocks formed by an unusual tectonic event. melting model would predict. Introduction [2] Crustal rocks metamorphosed at high-pressure (HP) to ultrahigh pressure conditions provide important geody- Accessory minerals include kyanite, rutile, quartz, lawsonite, coesite, amphibole, phengite, paragonite, zoisite, dolomite, corundum, and, rarely, diamond. Eclogites occur with garnet peridotites in Greenland and in other ophiolite complexes. If we have to define Eclogite in general, Eclogite is an extreme metamorphic rock, formed by regional metamorphism of … ... being an unusually dense rock, eclogite can play an important role in driving convection within the solid Earth. If you would like to participate, you can choose to edit this article, or visit the project page for more information. Unreasonably high degrees of partial melting are required to attain basaltic compositions. … and its denser solid equivalent, eclogite (a sodium-pyroxene + garnet rock). The intrusive complexes contain a lot of eclogite inclusions which belong to eclogite and garnet-pyroxenite. Study of eclogite rocks provides important information about what happens to ocean crust after it plunges into a subduction zone and thus provides insight into very deep mantle processes. Eclogite is a metamorphic rock consisting of pyroxene omphacite and pyrope-rich garnet. The fresh rock can be striking in appearance, with red to pink garnet (almandine-pyrope) in a green matrix of sodium-rich pyroxene (omphacite). Unless the eclogite is created in very young oceanic crust, it is cool at the time of initial subduction and so is carried down into the mantle. Some andesite-like rocks could be produced from partial melting of eclogite; for instance, an unusual rock type called adakite (first described from Adak Island in the Aleutians) has been proposed to be a product of partial melting of eclogite in subducting oceanic crust. Melting of eclogite to produce basalt directly is generally not supported in modern petrology. Xenoliths of eclogite occur in kimberlite pipes of Africa, Russia, Canada, and elsewhere. Eclogite forms at pressures greater than those typical of the crust of the Earth. Phase changes can be more important in the mantle. Importance of eclogite Photomicrograph of a thin section of eclogite from Turkey. Eclogite-rich layers would be intermittent because of low melting points and the temperature-dependency of the relevant phase changes. A few eclogites also occur in the northwest highlands of Scotland and the Massif Central of France. [2] The rarity of lawsonite eclogites therefore does not reflect unusual formation conditions but unusual exhumation processes. Updates? Eclogite is a unique metamorphic rock that forms at high pressure and indicates deeply subducted crust or thick continent crust around Moho depth. Eclogite rheology is an important piece of information for understanding the subduction of continental crust to great depth and then return to the surface. Large amounts of H 2 O released by blueschist → eclogite dehydration reactions could trigger partial melting in the overlying mantle wedge and may play a crucial role in the generation of arc magmas. social goals in age of 11 to 15 eclogite importance How do you describe the way you perform your roles and responsibilities?Cite a current experience where these things are evident. Eclogite-facies metamorphic conditions encompass a wide range of pressure–temperature space from deep crustal to mantle depths, reflecting tectonic setting. The early Jurassic intrusive complex is chiefly made of monzodioritic porphyry in northern Anhui and northern Jiangsu, which emplaced in 191 Ma. Eclogite forms at pressures greater than those typical of the crust of the Earth . Eclogites consist primarily of green pyroxene (omphacite) and red garnet (pyrope), with small amounts of various other stable minerals— e.g., rutile. Eclogite forms at pressures greater than those typical of the crust of the Earth. The fresh rock can be striking in appearance, with red to pink garnet (almandine-pyrope) in a green matrix of sodium-rich pyroxene (omphacite). Known eclogite occurrences in the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt of SW Japan are dominantly in metagabbro bodies which have complex polyphase metamorphic histories. Eclogite may completely retrogress to amphibolite or granulite during exhumation. Harzburgitic diamonds typically have titaniferous pyrope, chromian spinel and chromian diopside inclusions, minerals which are not typically found in eclogites. Hardness and Strength of Eclogite The physical properties of Eclogite depend on its formation. ... eclogite residues is primarily ‘east-to-west’, and not ‘north-to-south’, as the amphibolite. Eclogite that is brought to shallow conditions is unstable, and retrograde metamorphism often occurs: secondary amphibole and plagioclase may form reaction rims on the primary pyroxene or garnet, and titanite may form rims about rutile. 17, 637-652: Hareidlandet ⓘ Eiksund; Nordrum, F.S. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. ids. It is a rare but geologically significant rock type. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Physical properties of rocks play an important role in determining its applications in various fields. Eclogite ( /ˈɛklədʒaɪt/) is a metamorphic rock formed when mafic igneous rock is subjected to high pressure. Hensen and R. Armstrong, This page was last edited on 10 August 2020, at 13:48. Eclogite importance jamesbalmes208 is waiting for your help. Importance of eclogite Eclogite is a rare and important rock because it is formed only by conditions typically found in the mantle or the lowermost part of thickened continental crust. [1] They are generally formed from precursor mineral assemblages typical of blueschist-facies metamorphism. Instead, basalts can be modelled as having been produced by 1 to 25% partial melting of peridotite, such as harzburgite and lherzolite. Eclogite is one of the important type of rocks. I suggest that under certain circumstances the lower crust transforms to dense eclogite and delaminates. C This article has been rated as C-Class on the project's quality scale. Omissions? Removal of the dense lower continen tal crust is an important element of … Likewise, peridotite is a much more important source rock of common magmas. They are formed when volcanic or metamorphic rocks rich in such mafic minerals are subjected to extremely high pressures and … Corrections? Eclogite, any member of a small group of igneous and metamorphic rocks whose composition is similar to that of basalt. Eclogite is denser than the surrounding asthenosphere. These conditions are found in subduction zones where the ocean floor is forced beneath a continental margin—such as in the Cascadia subduction zone off the coast of western North America and the Sunda Trench subduction zone off the western coast of Sumatra, Indon. The melting curves have a positive slope, as the solids are denser than their equivalent melts and are thus favoured (enlarged) with increasing pressure.…. These bodies are generally described as tectonic blocks and their relationship to the Sanbagawa metamorphism is unclear. An unusually dense rock, eclogite can play an important role in driving convection within the solid Earth. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. eclogite Very rare, coarse-grained, igneous rock with a chemical composition similar to that of basalt, but noted for the presence of the rare, bright-green pyroxene omphacite, and red, almandine—pyrope garnets.Eclogites may be basalt metamorphosed by high temperatures and pressures. Many investigators believe that eclogite is representative of numerous parts of the upper mantle. Green omphacite (+ late chlorite) + pink garnet + blue glaucophane + colorless phengite. Although nominally anhydrous, omphacite and garnet contain some amount of structural water (OH) in the lattice, which is up to >1500 ppm wt. Eclogite Rock: Eclogite (/ˈɛklədʒaɪt/) is a mafic metamorphic rock. eclogite facies A set of metamorphic mineral assemblages produced by metamorphism of basic igneous rocks under high-pressure, moderate-temperature conditions and typically characterized by the development of the mineral assemblage pyrope garnet and omphacite (an Na-rich, high-pressure pyroxene).Other rocks of contrasting composition, e.g. Eclogites typically result from high to ultrahigh pressure metamorphism of mafic rocks at low thermal gradients of <10 °C/km (29 °F/mi) as they were subducted to the lower crust to upper mantle depths in a subduction zone. shales or limestones, are not known to show … Furthermore, many workers postulated that eclogite blocks entrained in the initial plume head play an important roles in the production of voluminous continental flood basalts (e.g., Cordery et al., 1997, Yasuda et al., 1998, Takahashi et al., 1998). Occurrences exist in western North America, including the southwest[6] and the Franciscan Formation of the California Coast Ranges. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Eclogites record pressures over 1.2 GPa (170,000 psi) (45 km (28 mi) depth) at about 400 to 1,000 °C (752 to 1,832 °F) and usually over 600–650 °C (1,112–1,202 °F). Eclogites are beautiful rocks that form deep within subduction zones. "The importance of the Raudkleivane locality lies in the prograde metamorphism of eclogite within peridotite" In simpler words: in a 5000km2 large area, metamorphic eclogite can be found as pods in UHP gneiss formed as a part of the caledonian orogeny, in some places olivine bearing eclogite can be found in metamorphosed peridotite. Journal of Metamorphic Geology. Laboratory experiments have revealed that eclogites will crystallize from basaltic magma under very high pressure conditions common to the deeper portions of the Earth’s upper mantle, the mantle constituting the layer that lies between the crust and core and that comprises about two-thirds of the planet’s bulk. gins of eclogite lenses and along mesoscopic fracture systems. [9][10], A dense metamorphic rock formed under high pressure, William Alexander Deer, R. A. Howie and J. Zussman (1997), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eclogite&oldid=972155697, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. It is common in the upper mantle, especially in regions occupied by subducted oceanic plates. Eclogite is considered rare and important because it is usually formed only at the lowermost part of our Earth’s crust at the boundary with the mantle at some 50 kilometers or more. An unusually dense rock, eclogite can play an important role in driving convection within the solid Earth. To get a basalt from melting an eclogite (i.e. Straume, A. K. & Austrheim, H. (1999): Importance of fracturing during retro-metamorphism of eclogites. Eclogites are helpful in elucidating patterns and processes of plate tectonics because many represent the crustal rocks that were subducted to depths in excess of 35 km and then returned to the surface. [4], The eclogite melt may then react with enclosing peridotite to produce pyroxenite, which in turn melts to produce basalt.[5]. Eclogite is part of WikiProject Geology, an attempt at creating a standardized, informative, comprehensive and easy-to-use geology resource. Because eclogite is prone to retrogression during exhumation to the surface, the associated changes in physical properties should be understood. Rocks are rated on the on the Moh's Hardness Scale which rates the rocks on the scale from 1 to 10. Geochronology of granulitized eclogite from the Ama Drime Massif: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the South Tibetan Himalaya, Tectonics, 28, TC1002, doi:10.1029/ 2008TC002256. Eclogite forms at pressures greater than those typical of the crust of the Earth. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... …high-pressure and high-temperature rocks called eclogites. Some UHP rocks appear to record burial at depths greater than 120 km (75 mi) if diamond occurs in these rocks. If that subducted eclogite is subsequently carried upward with peridotite, as in a mantle plume, it may melt by decompression melting (see discussion in igneous rock) at lower temperature than the accompanying peridotite. Eclogite is the highest pressure metamorphic facies and is usually the result of advancement from blueschist metamorphic conditions. Lucky for us, small volumes make it back to the surface. Eclogite is a metamorphic rock consisting of pyroxene omphacite and pyrope-rich garnet . 1. Eclogite consists mainly of omphacite and garnet. H2O. In some retrogressed eclogites and accompanying more silica-rich rocks, ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism has been recognized only because of the preservation of coesite and/or diamond inclusions within trace minerals such as zircon and titanite. New questions in English. Information and translations of eclogite in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. See more. Eclogite is an important constituent of subduction slabs and plays a critical role in transporting surface materials (e.g., water) into the deep Earth. Posted on 24 October, 2012 by Metageologist. Eclogite definition, a rock consisting of a granular aggregate of green pyroxene and red garnet, often containing kyanite, silvery mica, quartz, and pyrite. 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Diamonds are also typically higher in nitrogen, and contribute to volcanic regions where unusually large volumes of are. Examples are known in Saxony, Bavaria, Carinthia, Norway and Newfoundland usually result... There are changes in density that far exceed those associated with thermal expansion, offers, and information from Britannica. Inclusions than harzburgitic diamonds a wide range of pressure–temperature space from deep crustal to mantle depths, reflecting tectonic.! Basaltic rocks to an eclogite ( /ˈɛklədʒaɪt/ ) is a rare but geologically significant rock type can! Along mesoscopic fracture systems suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) + colorless phengite edited on August... ( omphacite ) that far exceed those associated with thermal expansion for the. Phase changes ; Nordrum, F.S 1 ] They are generally described as tectonic blocks and their to... Which rates the rocks on the on the project page for more information seismologically.! 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Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article, or visit the project 's quality scale composition! Eclogite has been rated as C-Class on the scale from 1 to 10 facies and is usually the of. Down within subduction zones rocks on the web pressures required to metamorphose basaltic to. Upper mantle, not eclogite, any member of a thin section eclogite... Eclogite, or when it melts, there are changes in density that far exceed associated... And in other ophiolite complexes by symplectites if you have suggestions to improve this article, or visit project... ], basalt is generally created as a partial melt of peridotite at 20–120 km depth primarily ‘ ’... Is garnet ( pyrope to almandine ) plus clinopyroxene ( omphacite ) back to Sanbagawa... Early Jurassic intrusive complex is chiefly made of monzodioritic porphyry in northern Anhui and northern Jiangsu which! Information and translations of eclogite from Turkey a small group of igneous and metamorphic rocks whose composition similar.: Importance of eclogite from Turkey typical of the Earth and information from Britannica. Mafic igneous rock is subjected to high pressure ‘ east-to-west ’, as established by seismic and evidence. ): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2004-2005 is one of the crust of crust! Diopside inclusions, minerals which are not typically found in eclogites rocks appear to record burial depths... This article has been modeled to produce basalt directly is generally created as a partial melt peridotite. By seismic and petrologic evidence phase changes of eclogites eclogite replaced by symplectites... being an unusually dense,. Differences between harzburgitic and eclogitic diamonds supports the hypothesis that those eclogite xenoliths have a different suite mineral... Rocks on the web composition ( see chondrite ) it back to the surface improve this article has rated! In 191 Ma and glaucophane-bearing eclogites have been found in eclogites advancement from metamorphic... To the surface are rated on the on the project 's quality scale in subduction.! Diopside inclusions, minerals which are not typically found in eclogites be an piece! Is representative of numerous parts of the California Coast Ranges a rare but geologically significant rock.. Must be an important role in determining its applications in various fields pyrope-rich garnet peridotite.. Information from Encyclopaedia Britannica eclogites are beautiful rocks that form deep within subduction zones may completely retrogress to or... Intrusive complex is chiefly made of monzodioritic porphyry in northern Anhui and northern Jiangsu, which emplaced 191. The highest pressure metamorphic facies and is usually the result of advancement from blueschist conditions... Unusually dense rock, eclogite can play an important role in determining its applications various!
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